A popular outrage to share these days on
Facebook and Twitter is how the Indian
rupee which was equal to 1
US dollar on15th, August 1947 has fallen to the recent lows. An IANS news wire picked up by
multiple newspapers also mentioned this very interesting 'fact'.
Interestingly Narendra Modi's speech writers also fell for the
same error recently. The source of these seems to be
this wikipedia article which mentions this exchange rate but does not cite any references in support of the number. The graph given next to the section starts in the 90s.
Indian rupee was pegged to the British Pound till 1966 (see footnote on page 1 of
this RBI document) when it was devalued and pegged to the US Dollar. A good account of the twodevaluations of 1966 and 1991 is given in
this paper by Johri and Miller. The peg to the pound was at INR 13.33 to a Pound which itself was
pegged to $4.03. That means officially speaking the USD to INR rate would be closer to Rs 4. In 1966,
India changed the peg to dollar at INR 7.50. Surely, the exchange rates are not very meaningful when the currencies are fixed by governments and the unofficial rates would be usually even worse given the pressure British Pound was under post world war 2.
When I encountered this message, my main objection was that the exchange rate of a currency is not really an indication of its strength. I am sure it is nobody's contention that India of 2013 is worse off than India of 1947. What was funny about the 1 USD = 1 INR posts was that it was justified with an argument that since India had no external borrowings, its currency was at par with the dollar.